Dear all,
I am publishing maps useful for treks
Basically the map has got information like base village and directions useful for the trek.
Also some route guidance I have given related to ST buses and convenient Trains to reach the base village
It does not contain the detailed map of a particular destination.It is a reference which guides you till the base villages connecting the trek destinations.Further this maps describes about connectivity of the base villages
But I also have tried my best to provide information of how to reach the destination from the base village and also about possible trek combinations from that base villages
I have tried to cover minimum 3 trek destinations in one map
I have published maps right from Sahyadri starting point till the Koyna region
Basically I have trekked till this region only.I have not gone beyond Koyna hence I have not published any map and information related with that .
The maps in the Sahyadris region of Sangli-Kolhapur and Goa region will be forthcoming after I trek those areas
I have added information of only those areas which I know or which I have trekked or including both(having information also and trekked it)
Here are maps and guidance for some places in Sahyadris
Map 1:-Ajoba Parvat(1375 m) and its surrounding area
Highest mountain in Konkan.Almost 1200 meters from base village Dehne.There are many routes to reach Bhandardara or Harishchandragad from the base village of this mountain
How to reach Dehne:
From Pune:Reach Saralgaon on Malshej-Kalyan road.Take right turn from this village and Further proceed to Dolkhamb( डोळखांब) via Shenwa(शेनवा).From Dolkhamb,further the base village Dehne is around 18 kms.
From Mumbai/Kalyan: : Reach Asangaon by Kasara local train.Further reach Shahapur and then to Dolkhamb by St bus.From Dolkhamb,you need to rely on Jeeps till Dehne
From Dehne,one cannot reach Ajoba top.From Dehne,you can reach Sitecha Palna the birth place of Lav and Kush.Further,there is no route.there are huge walls from all sides and steep rocks exposed to valley..To climb on Ajoba top,you have to climb the ferocious Dara ghat and reach Kumshet village and then climb Ajoba top
Other treks nearby.
Also from Dehne,you can reach Samrad (साम्रद ) by Sakurli (साकुर्ली ) ghat route and further by the Samrad Pachnai trek route,you can reach Ratangad and further till Harishchandragad.
Harishchandragad is 28 kms trek distance from Samrad
From Ajoba,you can reach Village Chondhe (चोंढे ) and climb the Chondhe ghat by regular steps and broad bullock cart road to reach Ghatghar (घाटघर ) and you have multiple options of going to Alang-Madan-Kulang or Ratangad-Katra-Harishchandragad
The map for Ajoba is shown below
Map1: Ajoba Parvat
Map 2:-Avandh Patta Fort
Avandh Patta are one of the longest forts in Maharashtra.It has a flat plain plateau of around 7 kms with strong wind blowing all over.Thats why you will find many windmills in this area
How to reach
If you reach this place by your private vehicle,it is better
Via Pune:Slightly inconvinient route if you are planning by ST bus
Reach Akole from Pune 6:00 am bus reaches Akole by 10:30 am
Further,you have to rely on Jeeps only.ST buses are not available till Pattawadi the base village.You can reach by break journeys like Akole to Samsherpur->Pattawadi (पट्टा वाडी )
If ever you get a morning ST bus from Akole to Taaked (टाकेद ),you will be the luckiest person in world.Get down by that bus at Pattawadi.From there a straight route via the Ashram and caves takes you to the top.
Avandh is also another end of Patta fort but cannot be trekked along with Patta.You need to get down near Pattawadi and walk 5 kms till Tirdhe village then climb Avandh
Also 2 more forts of Aad and Mhasoba are in vicinity of Avandh Patta.The base village of Aad is Aadwadi in Sinnar Taluka Nasik.Also Mhasoba or Chhanagiri fort can be trekked from this same village
Mahakal and Bitandgad can be trekked from Ekdara village and further,you can proceed to Waranghushi and further towards Kalsubai(Please note that from Ekdara,there is only walking route.No vehicle route towards Kalsubai)
If coming from Pune,it is better to come by your own vehicle
From Nasik:
Patta fort is clearly visible from Devlali camp area..A long walk from Lahavit near Bhagur will take you to Girwadi and from there,by a slight difficult route,you can reach the top
Also from Ghoti/Igatpuri,you can reach Taaked by Bus and further by Mhaiswalan ghat,reach Pattawadi by Jeep or bus
Taaked is a place of worship having a temple of Jatayu called sarvateerth built here hence it is accessible by bus and jeeps by a good road.
From Mumbai,reach Igatpuri which is well connected by bus and train and reach Taaked via Ghoti and further you can reach by Jeep till Pattawadi
Map 2: Map for Patta and the adjoining areas is shown below
3) Bhor region
Bhor region is between Rajgad ->Bhatghar valley till Mandhardevi in Wai Taluka of Satara
Many destinations to trek
Raireshwar(1395 meters) one of the historical places and a vast plateau(almost twice of Pachgani)
Base village Ambavde 20 kms from Bhor
Kenjalgad :This fort is located in Wai taluka of Satara but it is having a connecting ridge with Raireshwar hence approached from base village of Raireshwar
Rajgad(1370 m):Though it falls in Velhe region but it can be approached by Bhutonde village overlooking the Bhatghar dam backwaters
Rohida:It is located at base Bazarwadi almost 9 kms from Bhor
Shivtharghal: it is a place located in Sahyadris in vicinity of Varandha ghat region,one of the oldest ghat route in Sahyadris
Since Bhor is connected by St buses from Pune,Mumbai and almost many major cities in Maharashtra,hence reaching bases of any of these trek destinations is not a problem
Map 3: Bhor area
Map 4 :-Ghanchakkar-Muda-Bhairavgad-Pabargad
Ghanckahhar and Muda are third highest and fourth highest mountains respectively in Maharashtra but the most neglected mountains by trekkers(Reasons:Lot of walking almost 40 kms to and fro,lack of potable water and less trees on the top plateau.)
Bhairavgad-Ghanchakkar-Muda-Katrabai and Ratangad are connected to each other but it is a very long walk
Base villages:
Base village for Bhairavgad:Shirpunje Budruk (शिरपुंजे ) and Ambit (अम्बित ) in Akole Taluka of Ahmednagar(Actually Bhairavgad also has a route to Ghanchakkar but it is a dangerous route ie. a exposed rock to your left ,a dangerous steep and deep valley to right and hardly a route of six inches .If you traverse by this route,you can reach Ghanchakkar top in just 1 hour from Bhairavgad but not recommended for novice or ametuer trekkers )
Base village for Ghanchakkar-Muda:-Shirpunje wadi and Kumshet( कुमशेत) From Kumshet,basically,you have to climb the Katrabai khind and reach Muda and then Ghanchakkar and then you can reach Bhairavgad through a dangerous steep route and descend to Shirpunje Budruk or Ambit )
How to reach Shirpunje:
This location is slightly inconvinient
Take the 4:00 am bus to Nasik-Kalwan and get down at Sangamner around 7:15 am
Take a bus to Kasara and get down at Rajur around 9:00 am
Take the 9:15 am bus to Kumshet(Akole-Kumshet bus) and reach Shirpunje Ashramshala till 10:00 am
From Ashram Shala, Walk 2 kms right till Shirpunje Budruk and take left to Bhairavgad
For Ghanchakkar-Muda,walk straight further 2 kms to reach Shirpunje wadi and start the trek
(Well for reaching Shirpunje,if you are lucky,you will get St bus in time but by any reason, if any ST bus is 5 minutes late,there is a sheer bad luck.Reason is that from Sangamner,ST bus to Kasara is around 7:15 am to 7:30 am and if your bus from Pune reaches late by 5 minutes,you have to reach Akole around 8:30 am to get the Kumshet bus which is also a 50-50 situation.Hence be prepared for such things)
Trek destinations from Ghanchakkar-Muda
***Please note that there is no shelter place and no potable water source on Ghanchakkar-Muda till Katrabai Khind hence you will have to walk on a completely barren plateau for 12 to 15 kms.You can either stay on Bhairavgad or directly at Kumshet or at Ratangad.No shelter till 10 to 12 kms.Also after Bhairavgad,you will find potable water source in Katrabai Khind which is around 20 kms of walking distance
You can have a long walk over Ghanchakkar-Muda Plateau for 2.5 hours and reach Katrabai khind
From Katrabai khind,if you take right,you can reach Ratangad in 1.5 hour
If you take left and descend ,you will reach Kumshet the base village to Ajoba Parvat and you can further descend in Konkan to reach Kalyan
Also from Kumshet,if you keep walking for 3 hours,you will reach Pachnai village the base village of Harishchandragad
Thus you have many options but this trek will be of 2 days with Camping at either Ratangad or Kumshet/Pachnai.It depends on your walking capacity and ability but please keep in mind that you need to walk minimum 40+ kms per day in any condition
Map for Ghanchakkar-Muda
5) Harishchandragad
Harishchandragad is a vast fort spread in 15 kms east-west
This fort has many base villages
1) Khireshwar on Malshej ghat route(20 kms walk one side only thus to and fro makes it approx 40 kms walk in one day)
2) Easy route via Pachnai on the other side(6 kms walk thus 12 kms to and fro trek)
3 and 4) Kothale and Lavhali villages nearby Pachnai villages(walk of 15 kms in very dense forests thus making a 30 kms to and fro trek)
5) Via Sadhale ghat route:The difficult route via Kokan Kada takes 12 to 14 hours to reach Harishchandragad by this route via Belpada
The Malshej ghat route via Khireshwar is most popular because it is approachable from Pune and Mumbai by frequent buses
Pachnai and Kothale Lavhali route is convinient by only private vehicle(From Rajur,there is a ST bus around 9:30 am which takes you till Pachnai around 11:00 am but it is difficult to complete this trek in one day because there is no return bus from Pachnai in evening hence you have to descend by Khireshwar village and reach Malshej road to get bus to Pune/Mumbai or stay at Harishchandragad and take the 10:00 am bus to Akole from Pachnai)
Trek combinations from here:
1) Descend Harishchandragad via Pachnai and reach Kumshet.You can climb Ajoba and descend it via Dara ghat to reach Asangaon Shahapur
2)From Kumshet,you can further proceed via Katrabai Khind to reach Ratangad or Ghanchakkar-Muda and further reach Bhandardara and then return to Pune/Mumbai
3)Via Kothale->Lavhali,you can reach Karkai and Ambedara and reach Otur for bus to Mumbai/Pune
Map 5: Harishchandragad
6) Kalsubai Bhandardara
This region is trekker's paradise
Kalsubai the highest mountain in Maharashtra is located in this region.Also there are many forts like Ratangad,Alang,Madan,Kulang and mountains like Ghanchakkar,Muda,Katrabai,Pabargad
There are various ghat routes to descend into konkan.The Chondhe ghat is easiest way having proper steps whereas the Sakurli ghat is difficult one to descend in Konkan.Also the Sandhan valley crossing is a tough challenge for hikers.Also there are forts like Avandh Patta and aad which are part of Kalsubai ranges
Thus Bhandardara has got lot of scope for treks
Map 6: Kalsubai-Bhandardara region
7) Alang-Madangad-Kulang
The trio of these three forts is the most most difficult trek in the sahyadris
Out of these three,Kulang can be done without rock climbing skills but since this fort provides a longest climb in Sahyadris,it is an exhaustive trek.Kulang can be done by those who has experience of climbing 15 to 20 difficult forts.
Madangad and Alang can be done by only rock climbing skills.Already these forts were at difficult locations and britishers dismantled them in year 1818 by blowing off the steps(I really dont know why Government doesnt pay attention to make these forts accessible to normal trekkers atleast.We dont want rope way over the forts but atleast something should be done to preserve our forts and for that,passionate trekkers also must be able to reach there without ropes.Basically Local people charge 1000 to 1500 rupees for just fixing rope of 10 to 15 meters over the rock which is also not fair)
For these three forts,The main base village is Ambewadi near Igatpuri
3 kms Ahead of Ambewadi,from a bridge over a small stream,you have to reach the small hill beyond few small huts.This is the route to Kulang via Kulangwadi
The route for Madangad and Kulang is common for half the trek
From Ambewadi,you have to walk towards the col between Kulang and Madangad.From here,left goes to Madangad and straight and then right goes to Kulang
Madangad:
Further from Madangad upper plateau,the straight route goes to Alang and right side traverse from the col between Alang and Madangad takes you to the Madangad top.There are blown up steps and a exposed rock patch of 15 meters in the the final stage.This climb over rock takes you to the cave and further 50 meters climb by blown up steps takes you to the top
Alang:From the col between Alang and Madan,you have two routes to go to top.The straight route is climbing the rock patch of around 30 to 40 meters with ropes and reaching the top of Alang.
Without rope and rock climbing equipments,the second route to Alang is descending down from the col between Alang and Madan and traversing Alang for around 5 kms.This 5 kms route is very dangerous route.You have hardly six inches of walking route,huge rock to your left and steep valley of around 4500 feets to your right.Thus if you loose balance,there is literally no excuse.Traversing this 5 kms takes around 3 to 4 hours.But one more problem comes next.The entrance to this fort is blown off and packed with huge boulders hence you have to climb a small rock patch to enter the fort.But this rock patch is directly exposed into a 4500 feets deep valley.It can be easy to climb but while descending,it is very very difficult
Another route to the trio of Alang-Madan-Kulang is from Ghatghar near Bhandardara dam
From Ghatghar,proceed towards the col between Madangad and Alang.After climbing the col,you have three options.To your right is Alang,to your left and again taking left is climbing Madangad and just going left will take you to the upper plateau of Kulang which further takes you to Kulang top
How to reach.
Kulangwadi and Ambewadi is near to Igatpuri hence you can reach Igatpuri comfortably from Mumbai(Somewhat inconvinient from Pune) and Bus and jeeps are available from Igatpuri till Bhavli dam 3 kms before Kulangwadi.Further,if you get a jeep,it will be fine
Also Bhandardara is accessible from Pune and Mumbai and from Bhandardara,there are jeeps till Ghatghar
Map 7:Alang-Madangad-Kulang
8) Lonavla Karjat Area
Lonavala the lake city of Pune is located west of Pune 60 kms and accessible from both Pune and Mumbai by bus and train
This area spans from the Dhak Bahiri Rajmachi area till the Mulshi and Pawana region
Lonavla to Rajmachi is the best trek for novice trekkers who want to start trekking
There are forts like Lohagad,Visapur,Koregad, Tungi,Tikona overlooking the Pawana and Indrayani river valleys in the Maval region of Pune
For rock climbers,there is a challenge in form of Duke nose near Khandala.
Also for seasoned trekkers,there is a difficult trek of Dhak Bahiri pinnacle near Rajmachi.
Also the fort of Karnala on Mumbai Goa National highway can be climbed
Reaching Karnala
From Panvel,take any bus going towards Pen/Mahad/Roha etc
get down at Karnala (only Ordinary ST bus stops here.No luxury and semi luxury bus stops here)
By Private vehicle,reach Palaspe village on Mumbai-Pune Highway and take the road going towards Goa.Karnala is approx 15 kms from here
Map 8: Lonavla Karjat
9) Koyna region
This region is divided into two halves.
The first part before the Koyna dam is popular tourist destination hence Mahabaleshwar,Pachgani,Pratapgad is densely crowded with tourists
The second part beyond Koyna dam comes under the Koyna wildlife sanctuary with lonely and deserted villages(there were villages before Koyna project was started but later on,these villages were submerged in waters of Koyna).There are dense forests all over and infested by bears and bisons all over.
There are forts like Vasota and Nageshwar beyond Koyna
***You need to take permission from forest department before going to Vasota-Nageshwar.Trekking without permission of forest department in this area is a legally punishable offense.
How to reach:
Since Mahabaleshwar is a tourist destination,hence it is meaningless to tell how to reach there hence skipping it and directly proceeding to reaching beyond Koyna dam
Beyond Koyna dam
Reach Tapole or Bamnoli.Bamnoli is connected by road from Satara and Tapole is connected by road from Mahabaleshwar
From these two villages,you have to go by launch/ferry boat to reach the base of Vasota fort.You need to travel 11 kms by boat
From there,you need to take permission from forest department authorities and then proceed to Vasota and Nageshwar
Basically Vasota is also divided into Old Vasota and New Vasota.At the last stage of climb to Vasota,you have two routes.To your right is Nageshwar Lingi and to your left is Vasota fort.
There are shelters on the top of Vasota and Nageshwar
Also Vasota can be reached via Chiplun-Khed in Ratnagiri districts but the route is very very difficult.
There is no problem in reaching Pratapgad. It is crowded and many times,there is no space for parking.There is traffic congestion for 4 kms distance on road going to Pratapgad
For Madhugad-Makarandgad
From the Bombay Point of Mahabaleshwar,you will see a twin mountains resembling like a horse saddle and the sunset is seen over the gap in between these two mountains.These two mountains are Madhugad and Makarandgad.Bombay point is also known as Saddleback point
You have to descend Mahabaleshwar Ambenali ghat completely and get into konkan and after that,you need to take left to go to Ghonaspur in the thick forests of Jawali
Ghonaspur is approximately 18 kms away from the main Poladpur-Mahabaleshwar road.
Makarandgad can be climbed but there is no route available for Madhugad.The route to Madhugad is blocked by dense trees and huge boulders hence it is not possible to reach Madhugad without proper rock climbing equipments
Map 9: Koyna Region
10) Nasik Trimbakeshwar region
Basically in this region,Sahyadris are not continuos.
After Saptashringi,there are very few mountains near Peth Surgana and Dindori region hence there are less forts in this region
After Dindori,there are mountain ranges running in form of Ramsej,Bhorgad and Chambhar Leni near Mhasrul camp area of Nasik
Ramsej is one of the fort which made a big joke of huge army of Aurangazeb.Aurangazeb was well equipped with around lakhs of soldiers,cannons to capture Ramsej whereas Maratha army stationed on Ramsej after death of Sambhaji Maharaj was hardly 5000 plus but this simple fort was captured by Aurangazeb in 6 years.
Bhorgad is also visible due to the radar on its top.You cannot go on the top of Bhorgad because entry is restricted and only defense personnels are allowed.
Further you have mountains rising towards Trimbakeshwar area .Brahmagiri is located near Trimbakeshwar the source of Godavari river
Anjaneri fort believed to be the birth place of Hanuman is located 3 kms from Anjaneri village and on the Nasik Trimbakeshwar road 5 kms before Trimbakeshwar
Also there are many forts like Kavnai,Utwad,Ghargad,Bahula and Dangya Pinnacle on the Mumbai-Agra National highway.Bahula and Ghargad comes in the firing range of Artillery center Devlali camp hence you have to reach there with prior permission from Army
Further the forts like Harihar and Fani dongar are located ahead of Trimbakeshwar on the Jawahar-Mokhada road.
This region is well connected by Bus and train from all over India hence there is no problem in reaching these places
Map 10 Trimbakeshwar-Nasik Region
Map 11 Pali Mulshi Region
Pali Mulshi region has many places
The fort of Sudhagad/Bhorai fort (known as Bhorai in Pali and nearby area,In Pali village,if you tell that you want to go on Sudhagad fort,people will direct you directly to Sarasgad fort in Pali village.Hence if you want to go to Sudhagad fort,ask for Bhorai fort)
There are 2 base villages for Sudhagad
1)Easy one via Dhondase through which people from all ages right from a small kid to a old man can climb easily but it is very tricky and through dense forests hence hence chances of getting lost thats why not recommended without local guide.
2)A difficult route via Pacchapur-Thakurwadi;It is a long route with steep climb but straightforward route with no confusion.
Reaching Sudhagad
Reach Khopoli around 6:30 am
Take a 7:00 am bus to Pali.From Pali,take the bus to Thakurwadi around 9:00 am.You will reach Thakurwadi around 9:45 am
Start the climb.You will reach the Bhorai temple in 2.5 hours
Via Dhondase route
From Pali,there is a ST bus Thane to Nadsur reaching Pali around 9:45 am
This bus reaches Nadsur around 11:00 am.
Start the trek by dhondase route and reach Bhorai in 2 hours
There is the return bus Nadsur -Thane around 4:30 pm which can take you till Pali/Khopoli
From Sudhagad,there are various trek options
You can descend to Mulshi via Telbaila and trek Ghanagad and reach Mulshi dam and then back to Pune
Descend via Telbaila and reach Koregad near Amby valley and further reach Lonavla to proceed to Pune/Mumbai
Map 12 Pune Velhe Region
Map 13 Mahad Raigad region
Raigad the capital of Hindavi swarajya is located at Pachad 24 kms from Mahad hence this village is well connected by buses from Mahad from Morning till evening 4:00 pm
There are also other trek routes from Torna via Boratyachi Naal or via Kawlya ghat near Panshet which descends down in Konkan.
The Boratyachi Naal,Singapurchi Naal near Velhe descends down to Paane village the base for Lingana fort which is the difficult fort and can be climbed only by Rock climbing equipments
The Kawlya ghat route starts from Ghol at the end point of Panshet dam and descends near Garjaiwadi to Sandoshi through Kokan-Diva dongar and reaches Pachad village
Map 14 Satana Region of Nasik
This region has many forts.
Salher(1567 meters) ,the highest fort in Sahyadris is situated in this region
How to reach Salher
Salher is located in Satana taluka of Nasik.
Vaghambe is the base village in Maharashtra and Chinchali or Chinchpada is another base village in Dang district Gujrat
Reach Satana around 7:00 am.Take the bus to Unai in Gujrat.This bus goes via Taharabad->Mulher->Haranbari
Get down at Bheemkhet and proceed towards Vaghambe.
from Vaghambe,proceed towards the col between Salher and Salota.Take left and reach Salher village..From here,a steep climb continues
From Vaghambe,a 3 hour long climb takes you to Salher top
Also forts like Mangi-Tungi,Mulher,Nhavi/Ratangad,Mordhan or Mora is located nearby
Also places like Saptashringi,Markandya,Dhodap,Rawlya-Jawlya and Chandwad are located nearby
From Pune
There are 3 buses to go to Salher
8:00 pm bus to Nawapur from Shivajinagar reaches Taharabad around 4:30 am
9:00 pm Satana bus reaches Satana around 5:00 am
Return bus
From Taharabad,there is a bus to Shivajinagar(Nawapur-Shivajinagar) around 7:30 pm which reaches Pune around 4:00 am:
Map 15 Nane Ghat to Bhimashankar area
This is basically a tribal region and lot of area falls in the forests of Bhimashankar.
Bhimashankar forest region continues till Ahupe ghat,Darya ghat,Dhakoba, Durga and till Junnar-Malshej region
Bhimashankar forest is very dense near Durga killa,Siddhagad,Damdamia and Ahupe region hence these forts can be trekked anytime(even in summer season)
Siddhagad forest is too much dense that you are able to see the deep valley only when you reach the top
Durga and Dhakoba are also located in dense forests.
There are various routes to descend down to konkan from the Junnar-Bhimashankar area
Ahupe ghat is a forested route connecting the Bhimashankar area with Murbad area of Thane district(From Ahupe to Dehri village)
Nane ghat is the ancient trade route between Kalyan and Junnar
Darya ghat or Trigundara ghat is in the forests of Dhakoba which also connects Junnar with Dhasai and Palu villages of Thane district
Hatwij-Doni daar or Khutyacha ghat is one more ferocious ghat between Hatwij the base village of Durga killa near Junnar and Dhasai in Konkan
In this whole region,Dhakoba (1264 meters) near Darya ghat is the highest point in Sahyadris followed by Jivdhan and Durga( both are 1175 meters ).
Bhimashankar is 1005 meters high and all mountains in this area are around 1000 meters average height
Base villages:
1) Bhimashankar(1005 meters) :Khandas Taluka Karjat Raigad dist and Bhimashankar in Ambegaon taluka Pune dist
2) Siddhagad(982 meters):Naarivli / Uchale Taluka Murbad Thane dist.
3)Durga Killa(1175 m) : Hatwij taluka Junnar Pune and Palu taluka Murbad Thane dist
4) Ahupe ghat(1100 m): Dehri/Khopivali Taluka Murbad Thane dist and Ahupe taluka Ambegaon Pune
5) Damdamia(1008 meters): Naarivli / Uchale Taluka Murbad Thane dist.and Kondhawal taluka Ambegaon Pune
6) Gorakhgad(656 meters) and Macchindragad(550 meters): Dehri/Khopivali Taluka Murbad Thane district and Ahupe taluka Ambegaon Pune dist
7) Nane ghat:(827 meters) : Vaishakare taluka Murbad Thane and Ghatghar taluka Junnar Pune dist
8) Jivdhan(1174 meters) : Vaishakare taluka Murbad Thane and Ghatghar taluka Junnar Pune dist
St buses
Bhimashankar, Junnar are connected by buses from Mumbai and Pune and from all parts of Maharashtra
Hence no problem of travelling
From Konkan,base village of Bhimashankar, Khandas is connected with Karjat and Karjat is connected by Pune and Mumbai by train and buses
Rest other area in this region is connected by buses from Karjat,Murbad and Kalyan
I am publishing maps useful for treks
Basically the map has got information like base village and directions useful for the trek.
Also some route guidance I have given related to ST buses and convenient Trains to reach the base village
It does not contain the detailed map of a particular destination.It is a reference which guides you till the base villages connecting the trek destinations.Further this maps describes about connectivity of the base villages
But I also have tried my best to provide information of how to reach the destination from the base village and also about possible trek combinations from that base villages
I have tried to cover minimum 3 trek destinations in one map
I have published maps right from Sahyadri starting point till the Koyna region
Basically I have trekked till this region only.I have not gone beyond Koyna hence I have not published any map and information related with that .
The maps in the Sahyadris region of Sangli-Kolhapur and Goa region will be forthcoming after I trek those areas
I have added information of only those areas which I know or which I have trekked or including both(having information also and trekked it)
Here are maps and guidance for some places in Sahyadris
Map 1:-Ajoba Parvat(1375 m) and its surrounding area
Highest mountain in Konkan.Almost 1200 meters from base village Dehne.There are many routes to reach Bhandardara or Harishchandragad from the base village of this mountain
How to reach Dehne:
From Pune:Reach Saralgaon on Malshej-Kalyan road.Take right turn from this village and Further proceed to Dolkhamb( डोळखांब) via Shenwa(शेनवा).From Dolkhamb,further the base village Dehne is around 18 kms.
From Mumbai/Kalyan: : Reach Asangaon by Kasara local train.Further reach Shahapur and then to Dolkhamb by St bus.From Dolkhamb,you need to rely on Jeeps till Dehne
From Dehne,one cannot reach Ajoba top.From Dehne,you can reach Sitecha Palna the birth place of Lav and Kush.Further,there is no route.there are huge walls from all sides and steep rocks exposed to valley..To climb on Ajoba top,you have to climb the ferocious Dara ghat and reach Kumshet village and then climb Ajoba top
Other treks nearby.
Also from Dehne,you can reach Samrad (साम्रद ) by Sakurli (साकुर्ली ) ghat route and further by the Samrad Pachnai trek route,you can reach Ratangad and further till Harishchandragad.
Harishchandragad is 28 kms trek distance from Samrad
From Ajoba,you can reach Village Chondhe (चोंढे ) and climb the Chondhe ghat by regular steps and broad bullock cart road to reach Ghatghar (घाटघर ) and you have multiple options of going to Alang-Madan-Kulang or Ratangad-Katra-Harishchandragad
The map for Ajoba is shown below
Map1: Ajoba Parvat
Map 2:-Avandh Patta Fort
Avandh Patta are one of the longest forts in Maharashtra.It has a flat plain plateau of around 7 kms with strong wind blowing all over.Thats why you will find many windmills in this area
How to reach
If you reach this place by your private vehicle,it is better
Via Pune:Slightly inconvinient route if you are planning by ST bus
Reach Akole from Pune 6:00 am bus reaches Akole by 10:30 am
Further,you have to rely on Jeeps only.ST buses are not available till Pattawadi the base village.You can reach by break journeys like Akole to Samsherpur->Pattawadi (पट्टा वाडी )
If ever you get a morning ST bus from Akole to Taaked (टाकेद ),you will be the luckiest person in world.Get down by that bus at Pattawadi.From there a straight route via the Ashram and caves takes you to the top.
Avandh is also another end of Patta fort but cannot be trekked along with Patta.You need to get down near Pattawadi and walk 5 kms till Tirdhe village then climb Avandh
Also 2 more forts of Aad and Mhasoba are in vicinity of Avandh Patta.The base village of Aad is Aadwadi in Sinnar Taluka Nasik.Also Mhasoba or Chhanagiri fort can be trekked from this same village
Mahakal and Bitandgad can be trekked from Ekdara village and further,you can proceed to Waranghushi and further towards Kalsubai(Please note that from Ekdara,there is only walking route.No vehicle route towards Kalsubai)
If coming from Pune,it is better to come by your own vehicle
From Nasik:
Patta fort is clearly visible from Devlali camp area..A long walk from Lahavit near Bhagur will take you to Girwadi and from there,by a slight difficult route,you can reach the top
Also from Ghoti/Igatpuri,you can reach Taaked by Bus and further by Mhaiswalan ghat,reach Pattawadi by Jeep or bus
Taaked is a place of worship having a temple of Jatayu called sarvateerth built here hence it is accessible by bus and jeeps by a good road.
From Mumbai,reach Igatpuri which is well connected by bus and train and reach Taaked via Ghoti and further you can reach by Jeep till Pattawadi
Map 2: Map for Patta and the adjoining areas is shown below
3) Bhor region
Bhor region is between Rajgad ->Bhatghar valley till Mandhardevi in Wai Taluka of Satara
Many destinations to trek
Raireshwar(1395 meters) one of the historical places and a vast plateau(almost twice of Pachgani)
Base village Ambavde 20 kms from Bhor
Kenjalgad :This fort is located in Wai taluka of Satara but it is having a connecting ridge with Raireshwar hence approached from base village of Raireshwar
Rajgad(1370 m):Though it falls in Velhe region but it can be approached by Bhutonde village overlooking the Bhatghar dam backwaters
Rohida:It is located at base Bazarwadi almost 9 kms from Bhor
Shivtharghal: it is a place located in Sahyadris in vicinity of Varandha ghat region,one of the oldest ghat route in Sahyadris
Since Bhor is connected by St buses from Pune,Mumbai and almost many major cities in Maharashtra,hence reaching bases of any of these trek destinations is not a problem
Map 3: Bhor area
Map 4 :-Ghanchakkar-Muda-Bhairavgad-Pabargad
Ghanckahhar and Muda are third highest and fourth highest mountains respectively in Maharashtra but the most neglected mountains by trekkers(Reasons:Lot of walking almost 40 kms to and fro,lack of potable water and less trees on the top plateau.)
Bhairavgad-Ghanchakkar-Muda-Katrabai and Ratangad are connected to each other but it is a very long walk
Base villages:
Base village for Bhairavgad:Shirpunje Budruk (शिरपुंजे ) and Ambit (अम्बित ) in Akole Taluka of Ahmednagar(Actually Bhairavgad also has a route to Ghanchakkar but it is a dangerous route ie. a exposed rock to your left ,a dangerous steep and deep valley to right and hardly a route of six inches .If you traverse by this route,you can reach Ghanchakkar top in just 1 hour from Bhairavgad but not recommended for novice or ametuer trekkers )
Base village for Ghanchakkar-Muda:-Shirpunje wadi and Kumshet( कुमशेत) From Kumshet,basically,you have to climb the Katrabai khind and reach Muda and then Ghanchakkar and then you can reach Bhairavgad through a dangerous steep route and descend to Shirpunje Budruk or Ambit )
How to reach Shirpunje:
This location is slightly inconvinient
Take the 4:00 am bus to Nasik-Kalwan and get down at Sangamner around 7:15 am
Take a bus to Kasara and get down at Rajur around 9:00 am
Take the 9:15 am bus to Kumshet(Akole-Kumshet bus) and reach Shirpunje Ashramshala till 10:00 am
From Ashram Shala, Walk 2 kms right till Shirpunje Budruk and take left to Bhairavgad
For Ghanchakkar-Muda,walk straight further 2 kms to reach Shirpunje wadi and start the trek
(Well for reaching Shirpunje,if you are lucky,you will get St bus in time but by any reason, if any ST bus is 5 minutes late,there is a sheer bad luck.Reason is that from Sangamner,ST bus to Kasara is around 7:15 am to 7:30 am and if your bus from Pune reaches late by 5 minutes,you have to reach Akole around 8:30 am to get the Kumshet bus which is also a 50-50 situation.Hence be prepared for such things)
Trek destinations from Ghanchakkar-Muda
***Please note that there is no shelter place and no potable water source on Ghanchakkar-Muda till Katrabai Khind hence you will have to walk on a completely barren plateau for 12 to 15 kms.You can either stay on Bhairavgad or directly at Kumshet or at Ratangad.No shelter till 10 to 12 kms.Also after Bhairavgad,you will find potable water source in Katrabai Khind which is around 20 kms of walking distance
You can have a long walk over Ghanchakkar-Muda Plateau for 2.5 hours and reach Katrabai khind
From Katrabai khind,if you take right,you can reach Ratangad in 1.5 hour
If you take left and descend ,you will reach Kumshet the base village to Ajoba Parvat and you can further descend in Konkan to reach Kalyan
Also from Kumshet,if you keep walking for 3 hours,you will reach Pachnai village the base village of Harishchandragad
Thus you have many options but this trek will be of 2 days with Camping at either Ratangad or Kumshet/Pachnai.It depends on your walking capacity and ability but please keep in mind that you need to walk minimum 40+ kms per day in any condition
Map for Ghanchakkar-Muda
5) Harishchandragad
Harishchandragad is a vast fort spread in 15 kms east-west
This fort has many base villages
1) Khireshwar on Malshej ghat route(20 kms walk one side only thus to and fro makes it approx 40 kms walk in one day)
2) Easy route via Pachnai on the other side(6 kms walk thus 12 kms to and fro trek)
3 and 4) Kothale and Lavhali villages nearby Pachnai villages(walk of 15 kms in very dense forests thus making a 30 kms to and fro trek)
5) Via Sadhale ghat route:The difficult route via Kokan Kada takes 12 to 14 hours to reach Harishchandragad by this route via Belpada
The Malshej ghat route via Khireshwar is most popular because it is approachable from Pune and Mumbai by frequent buses
Pachnai and Kothale Lavhali route is convinient by only private vehicle(From Rajur,there is a ST bus around 9:30 am which takes you till Pachnai around 11:00 am but it is difficult to complete this trek in one day because there is no return bus from Pachnai in evening hence you have to descend by Khireshwar village and reach Malshej road to get bus to Pune/Mumbai or stay at Harishchandragad and take the 10:00 am bus to Akole from Pachnai)
Trek combinations from here:
1) Descend Harishchandragad via Pachnai and reach Kumshet.You can climb Ajoba and descend it via Dara ghat to reach Asangaon Shahapur
2)From Kumshet,you can further proceed via Katrabai Khind to reach Ratangad or Ghanchakkar-Muda and further reach Bhandardara and then return to Pune/Mumbai
3)Via Kothale->Lavhali,you can reach Karkai and Ambedara and reach Otur for bus to Mumbai/Pune
Map 5: Harishchandragad
6) Kalsubai Bhandardara
This region is trekker's paradise
Kalsubai the highest mountain in Maharashtra is located in this region.Also there are many forts like Ratangad,Alang,Madan,Kulang and mountains like Ghanchakkar,Muda,Katrabai,Pabargad
There are various ghat routes to descend into konkan.The Chondhe ghat is easiest way having proper steps whereas the Sakurli ghat is difficult one to descend in Konkan.Also the Sandhan valley crossing is a tough challenge for hikers.Also there are forts like Avandh Patta and aad which are part of Kalsubai ranges
Thus Bhandardara has got lot of scope for treks
Map 6: Kalsubai-Bhandardara region
7) Alang-Madangad-Kulang
The trio of these three forts is the most most difficult trek in the sahyadris
Out of these three,Kulang can be done without rock climbing skills but since this fort provides a longest climb in Sahyadris,it is an exhaustive trek.Kulang can be done by those who has experience of climbing 15 to 20 difficult forts.
Madangad and Alang can be done by only rock climbing skills.Already these forts were at difficult locations and britishers dismantled them in year 1818 by blowing off the steps(I really dont know why Government doesnt pay attention to make these forts accessible to normal trekkers atleast.We dont want rope way over the forts but atleast something should be done to preserve our forts and for that,passionate trekkers also must be able to reach there without ropes.Basically Local people charge 1000 to 1500 rupees for just fixing rope of 10 to 15 meters over the rock which is also not fair)
For these three forts,The main base village is Ambewadi near Igatpuri
3 kms Ahead of Ambewadi,from a bridge over a small stream,you have to reach the small hill beyond few small huts.This is the route to Kulang via Kulangwadi
The route for Madangad and Kulang is common for half the trek
From Ambewadi,you have to walk towards the col between Kulang and Madangad.From here,left goes to Madangad and straight and then right goes to Kulang
Madangad:
Further from Madangad upper plateau,the straight route goes to Alang and right side traverse from the col between Alang and Madangad takes you to the Madangad top.There are blown up steps and a exposed rock patch of 15 meters in the the final stage.This climb over rock takes you to the cave and further 50 meters climb by blown up steps takes you to the top
Alang:From the col between Alang and Madan,you have two routes to go to top.The straight route is climbing the rock patch of around 30 to 40 meters with ropes and reaching the top of Alang.
Without rope and rock climbing equipments,the second route to Alang is descending down from the col between Alang and Madan and traversing Alang for around 5 kms.This 5 kms route is very dangerous route.You have hardly six inches of walking route,huge rock to your left and steep valley of around 4500 feets to your right.Thus if you loose balance,there is literally no excuse.Traversing this 5 kms takes around 3 to 4 hours.But one more problem comes next.The entrance to this fort is blown off and packed with huge boulders hence you have to climb a small rock patch to enter the fort.But this rock patch is directly exposed into a 4500 feets deep valley.It can be easy to climb but while descending,it is very very difficult
Another route to the trio of Alang-Madan-Kulang is from Ghatghar near Bhandardara dam
From Ghatghar,proceed towards the col between Madangad and Alang.After climbing the col,you have three options.To your right is Alang,to your left and again taking left is climbing Madangad and just going left will take you to the upper plateau of Kulang which further takes you to Kulang top
How to reach.
Kulangwadi and Ambewadi is near to Igatpuri hence you can reach Igatpuri comfortably from Mumbai(Somewhat inconvinient from Pune) and Bus and jeeps are available from Igatpuri till Bhavli dam 3 kms before Kulangwadi.Further,if you get a jeep,it will be fine
Also Bhandardara is accessible from Pune and Mumbai and from Bhandardara,there are jeeps till Ghatghar
Map 7:Alang-Madangad-Kulang
8) Lonavla Karjat Area
Lonavala the lake city of Pune is located west of Pune 60 kms and accessible from both Pune and Mumbai by bus and train
This area spans from the Dhak Bahiri Rajmachi area till the Mulshi and Pawana region
Lonavla to Rajmachi is the best trek for novice trekkers who want to start trekking
There are forts like Lohagad,Visapur,Koregad, Tungi,Tikona overlooking the Pawana and Indrayani river valleys in the Maval region of Pune
For rock climbers,there is a challenge in form of Duke nose near Khandala.
Also for seasoned trekkers,there is a difficult trek of Dhak Bahiri pinnacle near Rajmachi.
Also the fort of Karnala on Mumbai Goa National highway can be climbed
Reaching Karnala
From Panvel,take any bus going towards Pen/Mahad/Roha etc
get down at Karnala (only Ordinary ST bus stops here.No luxury and semi luxury bus stops here)
By Private vehicle,reach Palaspe village on Mumbai-Pune Highway and take the road going towards Goa.Karnala is approx 15 kms from here
Map 8: Lonavla Karjat
9) Koyna region
This region is divided into two halves.
The first part before the Koyna dam is popular tourist destination hence Mahabaleshwar,Pachgani,Pratapgad is densely crowded with tourists
The second part beyond Koyna dam comes under the Koyna wildlife sanctuary with lonely and deserted villages(there were villages before Koyna project was started but later on,these villages were submerged in waters of Koyna).There are dense forests all over and infested by bears and bisons all over.
There are forts like Vasota and Nageshwar beyond Koyna
***You need to take permission from forest department before going to Vasota-Nageshwar.Trekking without permission of forest department in this area is a legally punishable offense.
How to reach:
Since Mahabaleshwar is a tourist destination,hence it is meaningless to tell how to reach there hence skipping it and directly proceeding to reaching beyond Koyna dam
Beyond Koyna dam
Reach Tapole or Bamnoli.Bamnoli is connected by road from Satara and Tapole is connected by road from Mahabaleshwar
From these two villages,you have to go by launch/ferry boat to reach the base of Vasota fort.You need to travel 11 kms by boat
From there,you need to take permission from forest department authorities and then proceed to Vasota and Nageshwar
Basically Vasota is also divided into Old Vasota and New Vasota.At the last stage of climb to Vasota,you have two routes.To your right is Nageshwar Lingi and to your left is Vasota fort.
There are shelters on the top of Vasota and Nageshwar
Also Vasota can be reached via Chiplun-Khed in Ratnagiri districts but the route is very very difficult.
There is no problem in reaching Pratapgad. It is crowded and many times,there is no space for parking.There is traffic congestion for 4 kms distance on road going to Pratapgad
For Madhugad-Makarandgad
From the Bombay Point of Mahabaleshwar,you will see a twin mountains resembling like a horse saddle and the sunset is seen over the gap in between these two mountains.These two mountains are Madhugad and Makarandgad.Bombay point is also known as Saddleback point
You have to descend Mahabaleshwar Ambenali ghat completely and get into konkan and after that,you need to take left to go to Ghonaspur in the thick forests of Jawali
Ghonaspur is approximately 18 kms away from the main Poladpur-Mahabaleshwar road.
Makarandgad can be climbed but there is no route available for Madhugad.The route to Madhugad is blocked by dense trees and huge boulders hence it is not possible to reach Madhugad without proper rock climbing equipments
Map 9: Koyna Region
10) Nasik Trimbakeshwar region
Basically in this region,Sahyadris are not continuos.
After Saptashringi,there are very few mountains near Peth Surgana and Dindori region hence there are less forts in this region
After Dindori,there are mountain ranges running in form of Ramsej,Bhorgad and Chambhar Leni near Mhasrul camp area of Nasik
Ramsej is one of the fort which made a big joke of huge army of Aurangazeb.Aurangazeb was well equipped with around lakhs of soldiers,cannons to capture Ramsej whereas Maratha army stationed on Ramsej after death of Sambhaji Maharaj was hardly 5000 plus but this simple fort was captured by Aurangazeb in 6 years.
Bhorgad is also visible due to the radar on its top.You cannot go on the top of Bhorgad because entry is restricted and only defense personnels are allowed.
Further you have mountains rising towards Trimbakeshwar area .Brahmagiri is located near Trimbakeshwar the source of Godavari river
Anjaneri fort believed to be the birth place of Hanuman is located 3 kms from Anjaneri village and on the Nasik Trimbakeshwar road 5 kms before Trimbakeshwar
Also there are many forts like Kavnai,Utwad,Ghargad,Bahula and Dangya Pinnacle on the Mumbai-Agra National highway.Bahula and Ghargad comes in the firing range of Artillery center Devlali camp hence you have to reach there with prior permission from Army
Further the forts like Harihar and Fani dongar are located ahead of Trimbakeshwar on the Jawahar-Mokhada road.
This region is well connected by Bus and train from all over India hence there is no problem in reaching these places
Map 10 Trimbakeshwar-Nasik Region
Map 11 Pali Mulshi Region
Pali Mulshi region has many places
The fort of Sudhagad/Bhorai fort (known as Bhorai in Pali and nearby area,In Pali village,if you tell that you want to go on Sudhagad fort,people will direct you directly to Sarasgad fort in Pali village.Hence if you want to go to Sudhagad fort,ask for Bhorai fort)
There are 2 base villages for Sudhagad
1)Easy one via Dhondase through which people from all ages right from a small kid to a old man can climb easily but it is very tricky and through dense forests hence hence chances of getting lost thats why not recommended without local guide.
2)A difficult route via Pacchapur-Thakurwadi;It is a long route with steep climb but straightforward route with no confusion.
Reaching Sudhagad
Reach Khopoli around 6:30 am
Take a 7:00 am bus to Pali.From Pali,take the bus to Thakurwadi around 9:00 am.You will reach Thakurwadi around 9:45 am
Start the climb.You will reach the Bhorai temple in 2.5 hours
Via Dhondase route
From Pali,there is a ST bus Thane to Nadsur reaching Pali around 9:45 am
This bus reaches Nadsur around 11:00 am.
Start the trek by dhondase route and reach Bhorai in 2 hours
There is the return bus Nadsur -Thane around 4:30 pm which can take you till Pali/Khopoli
From Sudhagad,there are various trek options
You can descend to Mulshi via Telbaila and trek Ghanagad and reach Mulshi dam and then back to Pune
Descend via Telbaila and reach Koregad near Amby valley and further reach Lonavla to proceed to Pune/Mumbai
Map 12 Pune Velhe Region
Map 13 Mahad Raigad region
Raigad the capital of Hindavi swarajya is located at Pachad 24 kms from Mahad hence this village is well connected by buses from Mahad from Morning till evening 4:00 pm
There are also other trek routes from Torna via Boratyachi Naal or via Kawlya ghat near Panshet which descends down in Konkan.
The Boratyachi Naal,Singapurchi Naal near Velhe descends down to Paane village the base for Lingana fort which is the difficult fort and can be climbed only by Rock climbing equipments
The Kawlya ghat route starts from Ghol at the end point of Panshet dam and descends near Garjaiwadi to Sandoshi through Kokan-Diva dongar and reaches Pachad village
Map 14 Satana Region of Nasik
This region has many forts.
Salher(1567 meters) ,the highest fort in Sahyadris is situated in this region
How to reach Salher
Salher is located in Satana taluka of Nasik.
Vaghambe is the base village in Maharashtra and Chinchali or Chinchpada is another base village in Dang district Gujrat
Reach Satana around 7:00 am.Take the bus to Unai in Gujrat.This bus goes via Taharabad->Mulher->Haranbari
Get down at Bheemkhet and proceed towards Vaghambe.
from Vaghambe,proceed towards the col between Salher and Salota.Take left and reach Salher village..From here,a steep climb continues
From Vaghambe,a 3 hour long climb takes you to Salher top
Also forts like Mangi-Tungi,Mulher,Nhavi/Ratangad,Mordhan or Mora is located nearby
Also places like Saptashringi,Markandya,Dhodap,Rawlya-Jawlya and Chandwad are located nearby
From Pune
There are 3 buses to go to Salher
8:00 pm bus to Nawapur from Shivajinagar reaches Taharabad around 4:30 am
9:00 pm Satana bus reaches Satana around 5:00 am
Return bus
From Taharabad,there is a bus to Shivajinagar(Nawapur-Shivajinagar) around 7:30 pm which reaches Pune around 4:00 am:
Map 15 Nane Ghat to Bhimashankar area
This is basically a tribal region and lot of area falls in the forests of Bhimashankar.
Bhimashankar forest region continues till Ahupe ghat,Darya ghat,Dhakoba, Durga and till Junnar-Malshej region
Bhimashankar forest is very dense near Durga killa,Siddhagad,Damdamia and Ahupe region hence these forts can be trekked anytime(even in summer season)
Siddhagad forest is too much dense that you are able to see the deep valley only when you reach the top
Durga and Dhakoba are also located in dense forests.
There are various routes to descend down to konkan from the Junnar-Bhimashankar area
Ahupe ghat is a forested route connecting the Bhimashankar area with Murbad area of Thane district(From Ahupe to Dehri village)
Nane ghat is the ancient trade route between Kalyan and Junnar
Darya ghat or Trigundara ghat is in the forests of Dhakoba which also connects Junnar with Dhasai and Palu villages of Thane district
Hatwij-Doni daar or Khutyacha ghat is one more ferocious ghat between Hatwij the base village of Durga killa near Junnar and Dhasai in Konkan
In this whole region,Dhakoba (1264 meters) near Darya ghat is the highest point in Sahyadris followed by Jivdhan and Durga( both are 1175 meters ).
Bhimashankar is 1005 meters high and all mountains in this area are around 1000 meters average height
Base villages:
1) Bhimashankar(1005 meters) :Khandas Taluka Karjat Raigad dist and Bhimashankar in Ambegaon taluka Pune dist
2) Siddhagad(982 meters):Naarivli / Uchale Taluka Murbad Thane dist.
3)Durga Killa(1175 m) : Hatwij taluka Junnar Pune and Palu taluka Murbad Thane dist
4) Ahupe ghat(1100 m): Dehri/Khopivali Taluka Murbad Thane dist and Ahupe taluka Ambegaon Pune
5) Damdamia(1008 meters): Naarivli / Uchale Taluka Murbad Thane dist.and Kondhawal taluka Ambegaon Pune
6) Gorakhgad(656 meters) and Macchindragad(550 meters): Dehri/Khopivali Taluka Murbad Thane district and Ahupe taluka Ambegaon Pune dist
7) Nane ghat:(827 meters) : Vaishakare taluka Murbad Thane and Ghatghar taluka Junnar Pune dist
8) Jivdhan(1174 meters) : Vaishakare taluka Murbad Thane and Ghatghar taluka Junnar Pune dist
St buses
Bhimashankar, Junnar are connected by buses from Mumbai and Pune and from all parts of Maharashtra
Hence no problem of travelling
From Konkan,base village of Bhimashankar, Khandas is connected with Karjat and Karjat is connected by Pune and Mumbai by train and buses
Rest other area in this region is connected by buses from Karjat,Murbad and Kalyan
